Submitted by G. F. Hennion, Charles C. Price, and Thomas F. McKeon, Jr.
1.
Checked by Max Tishler and John E. Allegretti.
1. Procedure
A
2-l. three-necked flask, heated by a Carbowax bath, is equipped with a motor-driven Trubore stirrer, Teflon paddle, Trubore bearing (Note
1), a
Friedrichs condenser, and a
250-ml. dropping funnel. The
dropping funnel is connected to the flask by a 24/40 ground-glass joint with a side arm made of 7-mm. tubing. The side arm is connected through a
calcium chloride drying tower and a
bubbler to a nitrogen tank.
The top of the condenser is connected to a horizontal tube (ca. 2 × 25 cm.) partially filled with granular anhydrous
calcium chloride. The horizontal tube is then connected to a
100-ml. graduated cylinder immersed in an acetone-Dry Ice mixture for collection of the product. The cylinder is also equipped with an escape tube protected by a
calcium chloride drying tube.
Four hundred grams of powdered technical potassium hydroxide flakes (Note
2) is placed in the flask, and
500 ml. of ethylene glycol is added. This mixture is stirred vigorously while adding
100 ml. of n-butyl Cellosolve (Note
3). The system is swept with a rapid stream of
nitrogen for 15–20 minutes while the temperature of the
oil bath is raised to 165–170°. The flow of
nitrogen is then reduced to a rate just sufficient to maintain an atmosphere of
nitrogen in the system.
One hundred and twenty-five grams of 1,3-dichloro-2-butene (1.0 mole) (Note
4) is added at a rate of about 3 drops per second. Addition should be complete in 0.75–1 hour (Note
5). During the addition the temperature of the oil bath is maintained at 165–170° (Note
6), and the reaction mixture is stirred vigorously. Heating is continued for 1 hour after the addition of
dichlorobutene is complete.
The yield of crude product obtained is
31.2 g. (
39 ml.,
60%) (Note
7) and (Note
8). The crude product may be purified by distillation through a
low-temperature column (Note
9) to yield
22.4–24.8 g. (
28–31 ml.,
43–48%) of
monovinylacetylene, b.p.
0–6° (Note
10) The storage of
monovinylacetylene in the presence of
oxygen has been reported to lead to explosive compounds. It is therefore suggested that the product be stored under an inert atmosphere.
2. Notes
1. An
oil-sealed stirrer was found unsuitable because the pressure drop through the system was greater than the pressure drop across the oil-sealed stirrer. The
Trubore stirrer and bearing were purchased from Ace Glass Inc., Vineland, New Jersey.
2. The
potassium hydroxide was weighed as flakes, then ground rapidly with a
mortar and pestle to roughly the consistency of granulated sugar, and added as soon as possible to the reaction flask to minimize moisture uptake. The flakes may be used directly without grinding, the only difference being that the mixture of
potassium hydroxide, glycol, and
Cellosolve should be heated for a slightly longer time before any
dichlorobutene is added in order to allow as complete a dispersion as possible.
4. The
dichlorobutene used was Eastman Kodak Company technical grade. Distillation before use was not observed to increase the yields.
5. The rate of addition is very important. If the time of addition of
1 mole of dichlorobutene goes much beyond 1 hour, the yield will decrease noticeably.
6. This is apparently an optimum temperature. Lower temperatures lead to lower yields, while higher temperatures do not change the yield appreciably.
7. The calculations of yields are based on
d−80 = 0.8 extrapolated from data at higher temperature.
2
8. The preparation also has been run on a 2-mole scale, using double the quantities specified in a
3-l. flask. The yields obtained were comparable to those obtained on the 1-mole scale.
9. The low-temperature column shown in
.htmFig. 12 was 75 cm. long, made of 7-mm. glass tubing. The entire column was surrounded by an evacuated, silvered jacket. The column, for the lower 60 cm., was a tightly coiled spiral (3.8 cm. diameter). The remaining length was straight and was surrounded by a coolant cup in which liquid of any temperature could be placed to control the refluxing temperature. For the purpose, a calcium chloride-water-Dry Ice mixture was used to keep the temperature of the cup at approximately −5 to 0°. The vapor from the column was condensed and collected in a graduated cylinder immersed in an
acetone-Dry Ice bath (Note
10). The major features of infrared spectra of the vapor from redistilled product are summarized in Table I (Note
11).
10. Warming the still pot with 60° water was necessary to distil all the volatile gases toward the end of the distillation.
11. The spectrum of the fractionated
monovinylacetylene was comparable, in band peaks and intensities, with previously reported spectra. A previously reported band at 5.8 μ, however, was not found in any of the samples, suggesting that an impurity was present in the sample previously reported.
Fig. 12. Low-temperature distillation column.
TABLE I THE MAJOR BANDS FOR THE INFRARED SPECTRUM OF MONOVINYLACETYLENE GAS
|
(350 mm. pressure, 5-cm. cell) |
Wavelength, μ |
Absorption, % |
Wavelength, μ |
Absorption, % |
|
3.02 |
93 |
6.20 |
87 |
3.22 |
62 |
7.0–7.15 |
33 |
3.30 |
67 |
7.9–8.1 |
98 |
4.73 |
9 |
9.17 |
49 |
5.13 |
19 |
9.37 |
18 |
5.41 |
59 |
10.2–11.2 |
99 |
5.46 |
52 |
13.67 |
27 |
5.80 |
— |
|
|
3. Discussion
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