Я на этой долбанной теме собаку съел в свое время. И знаю развитие ее от самого начала до сегодняшнего дня. Меня даже прессовали по этому поводу, не сильно правда.
Формулы реальных веществ опубликовал в свое время Мирзаянов. До этого по сети гуляло два источника информации. 1. Статья в Washington Times, сливной бачок, где были обрывки реальной информации. 2. Деза, выкинутая в виде комментария на ревю книги "Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents" 1999 (кажися) года издания. Именно в то комменте внимание мировой обсчественности было сфокусировано на фосфорилоксимах. Отвлечение внимания на негодный объект. Этот шаг был глупым и бесперспективным изначально, т.к. реальные структуры уже утекли на Запад к тому времени. Но каждый делает свою работу в пределах своей компетенции. Вот этот комент as is:
Novichok(s), dusty agents and GV/GP agents
Although this book is missing the chemistry of the Novichok class of nerve agents it summarizes the physico-chemical data of the known CWAs. Most of the data are taken from the older Field Manual FM 3-9 (1990). The expert may find that some of the data are only estimated, but not indicated as such. Only the details of GV-4 alias EA-5414 (CAS RN 158847-17-7) and GP/GV alias EA-5365 (CAS RN 141102-74-1) are new revelations to the public.
The Novichok class of chemical warfare agents belongs to those organophosporus compounds containing also a dihaloformaldoxime group: -O-N=C(X)Y group (X,Y = Cl, F, Br or even stable pseudohalogens such as C#N). Two examples of Novichok compounds are
a) Smiles: P(F)(=O)(O\N=C(/Cl)F)OCCCl with CAS RN 26102-97-6 and
b) Smiles: F/C(Cl)=N\OP(=O)(OCC)N(C)CCCl with CAS RN 26102-99-8
as published in Kruglyak, Yu. L.; Malekin, S. I.; Leibovskaya, G. A.; Khromova, Z. I.; Sretenskaya, I. I.; Martynov, I. V.: Reaction of alpha-chloronitrosoalkanes with phospholanes and iminophosphites, Khim. Primen. Fosfororg. Soedin., Tr. Konf., 4th (1972), Meeting Date: 1969, p. 307-312. Editor: Grechkin, N. P. Publisher: Nauka, Moscow, USSR. In fact the group of Novichok CWAs is quite large and it would be difficult to protect soldiers and civil personnel, when many different chemicals belonging this class of CWA could be used in chemical warfare with rogue nations or terrorists.
Several Russian chemists as P.P. Kirpichev, R.K. Bal'chenko, I.V. Martynov, Yu.A. Kruglyak, S.I. Malekin, and N.F. Privezentseva from the Moscow institutes GosNIIOKhT and INEOS developed
the principle of these extremely toxic OP haloformaldoximes already during the mid 60's. Rapid progress toward supertoxic variants was seen in the early 70's and the synthesis details were indeed published mainly in the Journal of General Chemistry (Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii), although absolutely no toxicity data of the Novichoks were revealed. All activities were covered as research for pesticides at that time. All publication activities of these authors ceased at the end of 1972.
Michael Crichton alias John Lange published in 1972 the thriller "Binary" which alarmed Russian politicians and military personnel to act quickly on the looming threat of US binary chemical weapons. In 1973 the further activities in the USSR under the new Foliant program were disguised again as a pesticide research program but kept secret until 1986 when some of the researches could publish more details about chemical and biological effects of phosphorylated oximes (e.g. Raevskii, 0. A.; Chapysheva, N. V.; Ivanov, A. N.; Sokolov, V. B.; Martynov, I. V., Effect of alkyl substituents in phosphorylated oximes, Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii (1987), 57(12), 2720-2723 and Raevskii, O. A.; Grigor'ev, V. Yu.; Solov'ev, V. P.; Ivanov, A. N.; Sokolov, V. B.; Martynov, I. V., Electron-donor functions of ethyl methylchloroformimino methylphosphonate, Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii (1987), 57(9), 2073-8)). It became clear that Novichoks do resist strongly poisoned Acetylcholinesterase/Butyrylcholinesterase reactivation by other common oximes (e.g. 2-PAM/EA-2170, TMB-4/EA-1814) as used so far by the American military forces. The final details to US authorities were given by Vil S. Mirzayanov alias Kenneth (Ken) Alibek who was responsible to detect any Novichok traces in the environment of the GosNIIOKhT branch no. 4 (CWA plant for Novichok) at Vol'sk-17 by gas chromatography. He, as an long standing expert in gas chromatography having the details of what he had to look for in the analyses defected to the US in 1992.
Since the beginning of the 90's US chemical demilitarization programs in the former GUS also included joint research on Novichoks. Now in order to develop effective detectors, detoxifiers, reactivators and bioscavengers (including BuChE). All such programs were named under activities versus "Fourth Generation Agents" (FGA) or "Non-Traditional Agents" (NTA). It seems each year is now coming up with a new disguising term in order not to use "Novichok" in public US documents. "Dusty agents" are also not covered in Ellison's handbook but should be seen in conjunction with the Novichok developments during the 70's and 80's. The Russian researchers V.A. Pasechnik, O.I. Stuzhuk, and Ye.A. Gayev contributed to this development. O.I. Stuzhuk proposed special minerals and diatoms for being contaminated with CWAs, whereas Ye. A. Gayev developed the physical CWA spraying/aerosol system and V.A. Pasechnik contributed to the development and application of "dusty agents" containing biological weapons.
Но это деза. Выше уже приводил ссылку на препаративный синтез одного из этих веществ, которое потом перекочевало в справочники под названием А230.
Настоящие формулы опубликовал Мирзаянов. Причем когда он валил в США, он их не знал. Ему их кто-то слил уже позже (почему я так считаю, не спрашивайте, все равно не скажу).
Среди фосфорилоксимов наверняка есть вещества с уровнем токсичности порядка Ви-газов, и подходящие в качестве ОВ. Но их химия и свойства очень подробно описаны в открытой советской литературе. прежде всего в ЖОХ. А значит, это - НЕ ОНО. Наоборот, вы нигде почти не найдете работ по химии фосфорилированных амидинов и гуанидинов и тем более тех из них, которые содержать связь P-F